Network Security Assessment Questions Essay - 2284 Words

Network Security Assessment Prepared for: University of Maryland University College Prepared by: Erik Milkie I. Vulnerability Assessments Use this section to describe any network security vulnerabilities. Use the scenario along with industry standards and best practices to identify the vulnerabilities. Describe why it is vulnerable and what the implication is if it is not mitigated. In this section, we are identifying vulnerabilities of the firm and simple ways to make it safer. I will point out some key vulnerabilities that we need to focus on and ways that we can implement the safeguarding of PII and how to keep the CIA triad in place so that at all times the information is safe. We must incorporate a centralized a user access control that will allow us to centralize information and control to a specific location like an active directory that will allow us to provide a single point of access where the management of user accounts, clients, servers, and applications cuts down on errors. I recommend installing a backup server as well so that if a system crashes all of our data to include directory examples above and allow for a speedy recovery. One way we can do this is to use a service called Carbonate. Carbonite is basically a cloud or online storage that allows the backup of files, full system settings, speedier recovery, and restoration of hardware and software to its former glory. 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The Truth Can Not Be Denied - 940 Words

Historians are faced with the challenge of working with the small amount of historical evidence that they have. Between primary and secondary sources, indecipherable languages, damaged artifacts, and biased accounts of history, they have quite the task in front of them. The state of the evidence we have to learn from allows us an interesting look into peoples thoughts, feelings and experiences, but also forces us to interpret to the best of our ability, and make educated guesses on what life was like in ancient times. One of the most challenging aspects of the evidence there is to work with is the condition of the historical documentation. The benefit of looking at artifacts as historical evidence is that the truth cannot be denied. Written history will always have the possibility of tainted viewpoints, where as artifacts are proof of what life was. 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Employee Recognition in Relation to Motivation Theories Free Essays

string(31) " these areas are simultaneous\." The term â€Å"motivation†, which is defined using various terminologies, is often used to describe different types of behavior. Motivation is the â€Å"internal state or the condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; the desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or the influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior†. (Huitt, 2001) Motivation is specific to an individual’s make-up, their personal interests, wants and desires, or need to fulfill a goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Recognition in Relation to Motivation Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several factors influence an employee’s level of motivation: pay, opportunity for advancement, growth and development, job security, honesty and integrity, working conditions, reward and recognition. Employee recognition is often praised at a â€Å"successful motivator†. To understand what factors influence motivation we need to understand the research and theories developed to define and explain motivation. Discussion Motivational theories dating back to the early 1950’s â€Å"provide a foundation to today’s motivational concepts†. Robbins, 2005) Abraham Maslow introduced the â€Å"hierarchy of needs† theory suggesting that needs are a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person feels the urge to satisfy. Maslow’s theory proposes that individuals are motivated by multiple needs and that these needs are present in a â€Å"hierarchical† order. Maslow’s theory was that an unsatisfied need influences an individual’s behaviour and once the need is satisfied it is no longer a motivator. The model of needs was developed using five levels of human needs: hysiological, safety, social, esteem, and self actualization. Physiological and safety levels were described as the lower levels of the model following the idea that these needs are satisfied externally. To satisfy the lower level needs of hunger, shelter, security is accomplished by things such as pay, medical benefits, or tenure. The â€Å"higher-order needs which are met internally include social, esteem, and self actualization. The concept is that an individual works through each level of the model one by one. Each level must be satisfied before moving on to the next level eventually attaining self-actualization. Self-actualization is the point in which one has reached their maximum potential. (Robbins, 171) Douglas McGregor had opposing theories â€Å"Theory X and Theory Y† to explain an individual’s behaviour in work and organizational life. McGregor theorized that â€Å"management involved more than simply giving orders and coercing obedience; it was a careful balancing of needs of the organization with the needs of individuals†. McGregor followed Maslow’s â€Å"hierarchy of needs† philosophy to describe human needs and to support the belief that an individual’s need is satisfied through work. Studying how managers interacted with employees, McGregor identified a set of beliefs managers used to assess employees. The assumptions identified in Theory X are based on the lower level needs (physiological, safety) on the hierarchy model. This portrayed a somewhat negative viewpoint using the assumption â€Å"that most people will avoid work because they don’t like it and must be persuaded to put forth significant effort. The individuals in this category are not interested in being â€Å"self-led†, do not care to take on responsibility as they are content following directions. † (Robbins, 2005) In opposition to this, Theory Y uses the upper level of the needs (social, esteem, self-actualization) hierarchy model stating that most individuals are â€Å"self-led† to accomplish goals in which they have set for themselves. In this positive view, McGregor identifies that employees regard work as a natural activity. This premise led to the belief that motivation occurs due to an individuals’ drive to satisfy their needs. McGregor identified those managers of Theory Y type employees believed that people inherently like to work. A result of this belief the manager pushes more responsibility on the employee in an attempt shape employee’s goals to align with the organization. Following the steps of Maslow and McGregor, Frederick Herzberg developed a motivational theory based on the â€Å"needs† concept. Trying to answer the question â€Å"what do people want from work†, he developed the â€Å"Two Factor† theory. Based upon his studies he believed that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work arose from different factors, and was not simply opposing reactions. Hygiene needs are defined as company policy, work conditions, relationship with supervisor, and salary by Herzberg. He believed that people strive to achieve hygiene needs because without them they are unhappy, but once satisfied the effect will wear off. End result or meaning is that satisfaction is temporary. This factor indicates that people are not motivated by addressing these hygiene needs, fulfillment just appeases the individual. Herzberg’s second factor is identifying â€Å"motivators†, suggesting that individuals are motivated by enabling them to reach for and satisfy real motivating factors such as personal growth, development, recognition, responsibility and achievement which correspond to a high level of meaning and fulfillment. Maslow, McGregor, and Herzberg were pioneers in motivational study. The amount of research on the topic did not end there. Contemporary researchers have continued collecting data and developing theories in the subject area of motivation. The concept of â€Å"what motivates an employee† continues to intrigue researches. Data collected today is not a direct dispute to past theory but a reflection on the change of the times, the change in work environment. Clayton Alderfer modified Maslow’s â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† introducing the ERG theory; consisting of three need categories: â€Å"existence†, relatedness, and â€Å"growth†. Alderfer’s theory suggested that movement between the need levels is quite simple, resulting in a regression when an individual does not meet a higher-order need. The ERG theory starts with â€Å"existence† identifying an individual’s need to satisfy hunger, thirst, and sex, correlating with Maslow’s lower level needs of physiological and safety. Alderfer classifies the need for successful relationships with others (family, friends, coworkers, etc) as â€Å"relatedness† aligning with Maslow’s theory of social need and esteem. Lastly, Alderfer categorized a person’s desire for personal growth and increasing competence as â€Å"growth†. (Robbins, 2005) The ERG theory although similar to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory differs in the philosophy that people can work towards fulfilling the different level of needs at the same time. Contrary to Maslow’s beliefs that an individual must obtain and satisfy a â€Å"need† before attempting to work on the next need level Alderfer theorized that these areas are simultaneous. You read "Employee Recognition in Relation to Motivation Theories" in category "Essay examples" In addition to believing that individuals worked on the different needs categories at the same time he also introduced the concept of â€Å"regression†. As an individual attempts to satisfy a high lever need frustration my occur resulting in regression to satisfying a lower level need. This idea proposes potential impacts in employee motivation. An employee can become frustrated if the opportunity for growth and development is not made available resulting in regression towards the â€Å"relatedness† need. This leads to â€Å"de-motivation† where as the employee loses focus on satisfying the â€Å"growth† need and begins to concentrate on building and maintaining relationships with others. David McClelland developed a motivational theory based on needs as well. McClelland proposed that individual needs are acquired over time and are shaped by the early experiences faced in life. McClelland identified three needs influence an individual’s motivation and effectiveness in an organization: achievement, power and affiliation. McClelland based his theory on the thought that everyone prioritizes needs differently. He also believed that needs were acquired based on an individual’s experiences in life. The need to succeed or excel (achievement) is associated with individuals who are driven to do things better. These individuals are motivated by personal responsibility in identifying solutions to problems, desire immediate feedback on their performance to determine if they are improving or not, and set challenging goals. The need for power is the desire to have impact, to be influential, and to control others†. (Robbins, 2005) Power can be categorized in one of two types; personal and institutional. Individuals driven to direct others when its unwanted is personal power, whereas those who want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the company is institutional power. Individuals who possess the need for institutional power are more effective leading employees than one who desires to control people. Individual who have a high need of power are likely to follow a path of continued promotion over time. Behaviors including enjoying being in charge, wanting to influence others, prefer competitive situations, and are more concerned with prestige and influence over others versus effective performance are associated with the need for power. And finally, McClelland identified the need for affiliation. People with the need for affiliation seek harmonious relationships, social approval, and need to feel accepted by other people. Individuals seeking to fulfill the affiliation need prefer to work in situations that provide social interaction; they enjoy being part of a group and tend to conform to the norm of the group. There are two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is when individuals are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, or they believe it is important. Many of the motivational theories discussed in the first portion of this paper are associated with intrinsic motivation. Maslow, McGregor, Herzberg, Alderfer, and McClelland based their theories of behavior on individuals’ desire to satisfy basic and advanced needs. These desires are based on the individual’s level of personal satisfaction and the theory focuses on the natural tendency toward growth and development. Additional studies have been conducted with theories based on â€Å"extrinsic† motivation. Extrinsic motivation is when an individual is compelled to perform based on external factors like money, recognition, rewards, ect. Cognitive theories such as â€Å"Goal-Setting†, â€Å"Reinforcement†, and Equity have received a similar amount of attention as needs-based theories. Cognitive theory is based on the idea that â€Å"high intrinsic motivation levels are strongly resistant to the detrimental impacts of extrinsic rewards. No matter how interesting or exciting a job is there is still an expectation for some type of extrinsic payment. For those positions or jobs that fall in between the highly satisfying intrinsically and low level less interesting work cognitive theory may be more appropriate. (Robbins, 2005) Edwin Locke believed that the objective of working towards a goal is a key foundation in employee motivation. Locke introduced the â€Å"Goal-Setting† theory using the concept that setting goals offers an employee structure. Goals establish was needs to be done, and from this the individual understands how much effort is required to complete the task. As the goal becomes more challenging the effort required increases. Understanding this basic concept supports the theory that goals are valuable to the company in the respect that challenging goals leads to increased employee performance. Locke further suggests that employee involvement in goal setting increases the commitment and drive to obtain the goal. Taking a slightly different approach, the â€Å"Reinforcement† theory looks at the relationship between behavior and the consequences that arise from specific behaviors. The theory implies that individual behavior can be modified using different techniques such as positive reinforcement, avoidance, extinction, or punishment. â€Å"Reinforcement theory ignores the state of the individual and concentrates solely on what happens to a person when he or she takes some action†. (Robbins, 2005) This theory is based on the idea that is the physical, environmental stimuli that individuals are exposed to affects one’s behavior, their motivation does not come from within (emotions, feelings, desires, etc. The idea is to respond or do not respond to certain types of behavior. An example of reinforcement is when a frustrated child is throwing a temper tantrum, one of two reinforcement approaches can be used: Avoidance; the parent ignores the behavior in an attempt to show the tantrum will not be acknowledged and the tantrum will end. Or, punishment such as placing the child in time will reinforce that the type of behavior is unacceptable and will no t be tolerated. The theory is that the negative consequence of being in time out will deter similar behavior. An individual’s perception can play a large role in their job performance. The Equity theory states that employees compare their job process, the tasks required and their performance with other employees and react accordingly. Based on the comparison the employee may feel as though others are treated better, (increased pay, better working conditions, more/less hours) and tend to act accordingly. Employees will also compare their output in relation to the company’s input (reward) to determine if the input is equal to their effort. When there is a negative perception, or it felt that there is an inequality an individual may decide to decrease the amount of effort they put forward, look for work elsewhere, reduce the quality of their work or attempt to persuade co-workers perceptions. On the other side of the theory when employees perceive that they are being treated equitably or fairly they are more apt to be happy or satisfied resulting in increased participation/productivity. Given a thorough review of the different theories that have been developed, studied and documented there is not a quick, easy, or one size fits all answer to what motivates employees. Most often the typical response to this question is â€Å"money†. But surprisingly enough when employees are surveyed money is not the number one answer. (Robbins, 2005) Kenneth Kovach Ph. D. , discusses employee survey results in â€Å"Employee Motivation: Addressing a Crucial Factor in Your Organization’s Performance†. Ranking high on the scale is â€Å"full appreciation of work done†. (Kovach, 1995) Kovach compared results from an employee survey conducted in 1946 and in 1995, employees ranked â€Å"full appreciation of work done† number 1 and number 2 respectively. Obviously the change in times and work environment played a part in the slight change over the years. Kovach’s point is that based upon employee surveys money is not a hot topic, what seem to be on the minds of employees is interesting work, appreciation of work and the feeling of being in on things or involved. One approach to satisfy these desires is the use of recognition. Recognition, what is it? Webster’s dictionary defines â€Å"recognition† as â€Å"to recognize†, â€Å"to know†, â€Å"to admit the value†. To use this in today’s organizations recognition is about â€Å"noticing and honoring† one’s performance. Hansen, Smith, Hansen, 2002) Employee recognition is the communication used to identify the positive performance or outcomes conducted for the organization. How do we correlate the use and effect of recognition with the different motivational theories? Hansen discusses Maslow’s concept of â€Å"expressive mode† theorizing that people are propelled by growth motivation rather than by deficiency motivation (lack of faith in human potential) Employees are not dependant on the extrinsic satisfaction, but rather dependant on their own personalities and hidden resources for their continued growth and development. Hansen, 2002) Simply put, individuals are motivated by acknowledgment of progress, growth and development, as well as performance. Similarly, Herzberg’s two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene and motivator motivation factors. Hygiene factors correlate to job dissatisfaction, while motivator factors align with job satisfaction. Herzberg believed that job dissatisfaction and job satisfaction were not opposite each other, meaning that the lack of one did not result in the other. â€Å"Job dissatisfaction do es not mean that there isn’t â€Å"any† job satisfaction. Hygiene factors (rewards) can be observed when an employee is asked to complete a project with a promise of position advancement, versus recognition for achievement as a motivator factor that is basic to the job. Ultimately, the use of rewards corresponds to the use of â€Å"hygiene factors† just as the use of recognition signifies the use of â€Å"motivator† factors. (Hansen, 2002) Using the mind set that â€Å"we want employees to perform well, and, given the right environment, and incentives, employees also want to perform well†. Bobic Davis, 2003) Reflecting on McGregor’s Theory Y, the managerial approach assumes first that people prefer to work and strive to perform, thus delegating responsibility to the employee allowing the worker to be creative, to have the opportunity to identify areas of concerns and find solutions. When this is accomplished with success, the manager recognizes the individual’s ability to perform. The result is employee recognition resulting in increased responsibility and accountability. McGregor supported Maslow’s theory that all humans had the potential to be creative, stating that â€Å"†¦ elf actualized creativity to be innovative†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bobic Davis) Management has the ability to â€Å"motivate† an individual’s pursuit of self esteem, and self actualization through recognizing their ability to assume responsibility. Recognition of creativity and innovation will encourage the commitment and initiative the employee brings to company. â€Å"By strengthening and enhancing behaviors that are a source of differentiation and uniqueness, recognition serves a strategic function. (Hansen, 2002) Motivational theories differ in the way the concept of motivation is defined and controlled. Each theory has it basis, whether it is a â€Å"needs† based concept, or a â€Å"behavioral† concept. Just as humans are genuinely different, so are the theories. We can make general assumptions in regards to human character, trait, desires, and reactions but in the end what is definite is situational. There are many factors such as cultural background, environment, economics, and a person’s upbringing that potentially has an effect on what will motivate an individual. Reviewing the basic concept behind the theory of motivation and recognition you can identify some simple correlations. The reinforcement theory is not just about administering negative consequences. There are several different types of â€Å"behavioral† based programs available to address different concepts. For example a behavioral based safety program is built on the concept of recognizing safe behavior. Instead of focusing on the negative actions or unsafe attitudes of employees the program is established to recognize and reward safe behavior and encourage employee participation in identifying and correcting unsafe conditions. In the same manner, the reinforcement theory can enhance employee motivation towards work performance if a positive approach is used. Pointing out the negative performance ratings or avoiding a problem employee results in de-motivating the employee. Similarly, avoiding a problem employee gives the perception that the manager or company doesn’t care and fosters thinking of â€Å"why should I†? The last concept or theory to consider is the Equity theory. The basis for this theory is that employees expect a fair return for what they contribute to their job. This â€Å"fair return† is often evaluated based on what the return is for their effort. These individuals compare the input (reward/pay) by the company to the output (their effort) to determine if the reward warrants the effort put forth. Using the same concept employs also compare their input/outputs with their coworker to determine equality. If they feel that their coworker was given more for the same amount of work or less the employee will perceive this as unjust practices. Conclusion Motivation is â€Å"the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort in attaining a goal†. Robbins, pg. 170) Identifying what drives and contributes to employee motivation has been a topic for numerous researches, psychologists, and organizations alike over the last fifty to sixty years. During these years many motivational theories were developed to explain what motivates individuals. Theories based on â€Å"needs† principal were developed by researchers/psychologist such as Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor. â€Å"Maslow professed that the specific needs of people that must be met in order for them to be motivated, thus improving productivity†. Herra, 2002) Additionally motivational theories were developed based on the concept of equity or reinforcement. The â€Å"Equity† theory represent the idea that equity is a perception of justice/equality based on what the employee puts out and receives in return. A comparison is made in regards as to performance/effort and what reward/recognition is received to determine if equality exist. Tasked with understanding what motivates employees organizations have spent a great amount of time, energy and resources identifying how to keep employees motivated under various, ever changing conditions. When asked what is of key importance employees respond with â€Å"recognition† (Robbins, 2005) Recognition of an employee’s accomplishments, performance and/or dedication to the organization results in increased productivity, continued support of the company’s goals, and positive employee attitude. Based on the motivational theories established, recognition, while not the only source of motivation seems to an easy, simplistic solution to improve employee motivation. Employee recognition serves two distinct purposes: enhance employee motivation as well as bond together other motivators presently used for business organizations. An employee’s wage is payment for doing a job, benefits are designed to preserve an employee’s well being, and rewards are used to compensate for completion of a specific task or organizational goal. Recognition pulls the three aspects together as a means for organizations to develop and maintain a strong employee workforce. How to cite Employee Recognition in Relation to Motivation Theories, Essay examples

Eponymous novel Essay Example For Students

Eponymous novel Essay During Jonathans stay in Transylvania, Dracula comes across as a threatening character. He says to Jonathan, be warned! , the exclamation marks suggests that he means what he says. Dracula warns Jonathan about wandering around his castle and hope to scare Jonathan into not venturing any further than his own room. Bram stoker is continuing to show the audience that Dracula is an evil character. He then proceeds to tell Jonathan what dates to put on his letters, June 12th, the second June 19th, and the third June 29th. The quotation suggests that Dracula has everything organised, So Bram Stoker is showing us that he is a very precise man and plans ahead. He wants us to see this as it will give the audience the impression that Dracula has Jonathan at his castle for a reason, creating suspense throughout the book. Dracula is also mentioned in Dr Sewards journal, by the lunatic, Reinfield. He refers to Dracula as master. The word master implies that to Reinfield he is a very important and powerful person and this is how Bram Stoker wants us to see him. We will write a custom essay on Eponymous novel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also the audience may associate this with a master/slave relationship between the two characters which also suggests that Dracula is a very controlling character, giving the impression to the audience that Dracula is in control of lot of things. The last time we meet Jonathan is at the end of the book when all the characters finally come together to meet in one place. He is described through Minas eyes in a very positive way, bent on finishing their task. It shows that Bram Stoker wants us to see him as a very determined way. The phrase shows this because the word bent is telling the audience that they would do whatever it takes to finish the task. I also think that Bram Stoker wanted us to see him as quite a fearless person, nothing seemed to stop or even to hinder them. It seems that even though they could have been in peril danger, they kept going. So Bram Stoker is portraying him as a fearless and determined person. I think he wants the audience to see him like this because he is adding to the positive points about Jonathan, creating a good character, also maybe hinting the audience that he will do whatever it takes to get rid of Dracula. The last note made by Jonathan is 7 years on, But Bram Stoker is still portraying Jonathan as a good person and, well worth the pain we endured. Its saying that he doesnt regret a single thing, even though it caused him lots of pain and Bram Stoker wants us to see him as a good faithful man, and he believed that what he did was for a good cause. Stoker does this because he wants the audience to see him as proud person, In his last paragraph, Jonathan speaks of Mina and their son, this boy will someday know what a brave and gallant women his mother is. I think Bram Stoker wants us to see Jonathan as a very loving and caring person, especially towards Mina, as the way he describes her in the phrase, it shows he loves her dearly. We can tell this from the adjectives such as Gallant and brave. I think hes trying to show another side to Jonathan Harker, not just as a intellectual and determined, but also as a loving caring man. It is only at the end of the book that there is an entry from Dracula; I think Bram Stoker has done this so as not too much away until the end. When Mina sees Dracula she refers to him as the thing. .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 , .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .postImageUrl , .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 , .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:hover , .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:visited , .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:active { border:0!important; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:active , .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6 .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8823ea8dada6bd6f9c3f613574bf97c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and contrast the ways in which different views of love are portrayed in "Remember" and "My Last Duchess" EssayThis is suggesting that she fears him, too scared to say his real name. So Bram Stoker is portraying Dracula as a person that people live in fear of, he is powerful. But even though he is described as an evil character all the way through the book, after Jonathan has kills him he said, There was in the face a look of peace. I think this could suggest that maybe Dracula didnt mean to be that evil and that he was glad his evil form had left the earth. So Bram Stoker is hinting to the audience that Dracula wasnt as cruel as he seemed. I think he is trying to make the audience slightly sympathetic towards him. The phrase passed from our sight, is used to describe Draculas death, Bram Stoker wants us to view Dracula as a controlling person, and it was a relief to Jonathan that the vampire had gone as last, because he even had an impression on Jonathan. I think he has done this to show just how powerful and controlling he was, because even the determined and fearless Jonathan was glad to see him die. Bram Stoker uses the phrase deathly pale to describe Dracula when he is in the coffin. The word deathly is effective and it suggests that he is more dead than alive and the comparison that Bram Stoker uses is trying to show us that he is quite a spooky individual. In conclusion I think that Bram Stoker manipulates his audience well. All the way through the book, he builds up Dracula as an evil, mysterious character by comparisons to death and evil colours such as red, yet at the end we do have some sympathy for him. He does the same for Jonathan Harker, but as a positive intellectual person through Jonathans own journal and notes. He presents him as a very organised and fearless person, as he notes down exact train times and goes to extremes to dispose of Dracula. I think these are the typical characteristics we expect the good person in a book to have, clever organised, an all-round person that faces out of the ordinary circumstances. The way that Bram Stoker controls his audience by creating suspense and not giving the whole game away, having the traditional good versus evil, keeps the audience guessing all the way through his eponymous novel.

Painting styles free essay sample

Neoclassicism, Impressionism and Abstract Expression all have their own style. Each is from a different era and reflect on different subjects. Neoclassicism was part of the European art movement during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The inspiration for this movement comes from thr classical art and culture of ancient Greece or ancient Rome. Neoclassic Artwork is very unemotional. In this type of artwork, artists or painters used very sombre or dull colors. Often artists that painted in the Neoclassical style painted historical figures or people in classic history. Artwork of this style was very detailed and defined as well as accurate to the era they were representing. Neoclassical Art is very personal and honorable. All of this is reflected brilliantly in the piece â€Å"The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries† by Jaques Louis David. The attention to detail in this painting really brings it to life and makes those viewing it feel as if they are looking at Napoleon in person. We will write a custom essay sample on Painting styles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Impressionism Art, unlike Neoclassical Art, is an art movement that reflected on the everyday life of an average person. Outdoor scenes of people doing normal things like shopping or playing in the park or having a picnic or party. For example, the piece of artwork by Pierre Aguste Renoir called â€Å"The Luncheon of the Boating Party† is a painting of just that. People having lunch together and conversing with each other. Impressionism started in the late 1860s and early 1870s in Paris. Artists that paint in this particular style tend to use loose rapid brushstrokes. Artists used natural colors to give a feeling of reality and make the painting more lifelike and real. I particularly enjoy pieces done in the Impressionism style because they are warm and delightful to look at. Neoclassical artwork on the other hand is very plain and drab and although the attention to detail make these type of paintings very realistic they dont give off a warm cozy feeling. Abstract Expressionism is the most emotional style of the three styles discussed in this summary. Artists like Jackson Pollack who painted in this particular style used color, movement and gesture to reveal their personal feelings about their artwork. This is not the case with both Expressionism and Neoclassicism Art styles. The movement of Abstract Expressionism was established in America during the 1940s thru 1960. It was an art movement that expressed anarchy and freedom. Paintings in this style usually had colors that poured or dripped onto canvas to show emotion. Abstract Expressionist artists painted with true emotion and intensity for what they believed in and what they were painting about. This is demonstrated beautifully in Jackson Pollacks painting Autumn Rhythm. The use of color and tones are perfect for expressing the season of autumn and the way the colors are dripping on the canvas are a perfect example of the style that is represented in Abstract Expressionism. Each of the three different painting styles have their own unique techniques and they all three have very distinctive characteristics. Each style represents a different era and each style is expressed with expertise by those artists who choose to paint in that particular style. It is interesting to know and see how many different styles of painting there actually are in art and its also very interesting to know that each style represents so many different cultures.

7 Things You Learn After You’ve Been Laid Off

7 Things You Learn After You’ve Been Laid Off Being laid off is awful, no matter how you cut it. One day you have a job and plans and a sense of security, and the next day you†¦don’t. If it happens to you like it does to so many of us, there are some truths to keep in mind, even when things seem horrible. Here are 8 things you learn after you’ve been laid off. 1. It’s not your fault.As soon as it happens, you’ll probably be racking your brains to figure out why you. Yeah, there’s no comforting answer to that question. Ever. Unless you’re told â€Å"we’re letting you go for X reason,† there’s probably a complex network of reasons why your number happened to come up. None of these would make you feel better, so try not to dwell.2. It’s okay to wallow for a bit†¦Soon enough, hunting for a new job will be your daily reality. Take some time to get the bitterness and shock out of your system.3. †¦but then you gotta move on.You’ve got things to do, people to see, resumes to revise.4. There’s always a silver lining.How happy were you at that job, really?5. Your support network is key.You know the old clichà © that you know who your friends are when the chips are down? It’s true†¦and this is a time when you can lean on friends and family for a little extra moral support while you reboot.6. This is an opportunity.No, really, it is! It may seem like a pretty crappy one at first, because you’re being shoved into a new reality with little warning, but now you have the time and space to take some risks. Always wanted to try something different? Well, now you can. It might not be your long-term solution, but how do you know until you experiment?7. You are more than your job.Getting laid off can feel like a personal rejection, and that’s an awfully hard feeling to shake. Also, because our careers take up so much of our time (and pay for life necessities), losing a job can cause general life panic. It’s important to look past the stress and remember that you are not one job. There are others out there- and more specifically, there are others out there for you.And the most important truth of all†¦8. You will move on.It might take two weeks before you find something new. It may take much longer. The important thing to remember is that you will survive, and find new opportunities.

Marks & Spencer Marketing in the United Kingdom Research Paper

Marks & Spencer Marketing in the United Kingdom - Research Paper Example As a result of this, the customers are naturally becoming more and more demanding in nature with respect to their specific needs for new and innovative products and services. This is in return creating a major pressure in the local markets around the world, and is eventually resulting in the way getting paved for the development of markets that are present in the new and emerging economies. The emergence of new markets in the developing economies is playing a major role in increasing the level of competition in the marketplaces all over the world. In an attempt to attain a significant level of competitive advantage in the global as well as the local marketplace, companies are seriously focusing on the process of generation of value for the consumers while keeping a stringent eye on the quality of the product or service that is being provided and delivered to the customers. This brings into focus the importance of conducting an in-depth analysis of the marketing exercises that are bei ng conducted by some of the highly popular global organizations for the purpose of communicating the value of their products or services to the customers. Hence, in an attempt to understand the process of marketing in a more detailed and enhanced manner, this project has been undertaken. The project is multi-faceted in nature. The first part of the project will focus on the process of researching and understanding of the theories related to marketing orientation and on the various factors related to marketing mix. The next part of the project will draw its focus to selecting a specific organization which has a highly diversified its product portfolio and has its presence in multiple countries and markets around the world. The third part of the project will concentrate on studying the product marketing strategies and campaigns that are applied by the selected organization and simultaneously relating the theoretical concepts for a proper analysis of the successfully executed strategie s of the organization. Theoretical Representation Marketing Marketing is a broad term that is used in the context of creating, distributing, communicating and generating value for the customers of a particular segment, in a specific locality, region or marketplace. In broader terms, it is highlighted as a part of the overall process of organizational management that involves identifying, understanding, estimating and finally fulfilling the customers’ needs and wants while effectively utilizing the available resources like manpower, finance etc. That belongs to the firm or the organization. It can be said that, by fulfilling the needs of the customers of a specific market, the companies focus on generating financial returns for the firm, which, in turn, helps to attain sustainable growth in the long term (Wright, 1999, p.13-14). Marketing Orientation It can be said that the marketing approach is a style or approach that is practiced a great deal in the process of value communi cation exercises conducted by the firms today. It is important to state that the marketing

Can commercial media be ethical Be sure to draw on each of the module Essay

Can commercial media be ethical Be sure to draw on each of the module topics to in answering the question and use artefacts fro - Essay Example It will also contain ads from various brands that were banned for breaking the ethical barriers. Commercial Media Most of the content of media is staged, where the TV channels show that the Pope is blessing innumerable people, what is important in showing this on air is the millions of people who are viewing this at home not the ones present at the scene where the Pope is offering his blessings. Similarly, the political discussions shown that are witnessed on the TV require approval by the political authorities before these are presented to the viewers. Nevertheless, it can be said that such media programs are few, however, the point persists that such manipulated media is existent. Although, such ‘live Media’ events may be few in number but with the passage of time they are increasing in quantity (Rosengren, 1994). Thus, it can be implied that the human mind is largely conditioned by the media available on the internet, programs on TV, and articles available online and in the magazines. Many individuals believe it to be authentic and let it influence their mind sets. This perspective to look at the authenticity of media makes the consumer gullible to the gimmicks presented in the content of media available on TV, in News Papers, and magazines (Hiebert, 2001; Berman, Abraham, Battino, Shipnuck, & Neus, 2004). Journalism is another way to advertise the product in the market. The image of the advert entirely relies upon the sort of publicity it receives. Usually, this type of advertising is used for the events and media programs; creating a hype for the program in order to increase the TRP’s of the show. Publicity of a product can make and break the image of the product; for whatever the consumer reads and sees on TV thinks it to be authentic to its core. Thus, a bad publicity can ruin the image of the product altogether (Kwanash-Aidoo, 2005; Baerns, 2003; Mickey, 1997). Therefore, it can be analyzed that commercial media has the power to shap e the mind sets of individuals to the extent where they can believe in certain things and abandon beliefs as well. The commercial media have evolved over the last decade. With the emergence of new technology the ideas of communication has been shaped in to varied ways that gauge the attention of the audience and the media providers. This has diverted the attention of the media developers to the newly innovated ways of communication to tools such as the internet and mobile media. Many advertising agencies have invested large sums of money in ambient media. UK industry forecasts that the ambient media are so effective that its growing rapidly, in the near future the cost for ambient media will be in millions of pounds; moreover the literature suggests that the traditional media such as TV, posters, Cinema, and radio is substantially being replaced with the ‘non-traditional out-of-home’ media which is collectively referred to as the ambient media (Hiebert, 2001; Shankar & Horton, 1999). It is essential to high light that due to non-availability of business models in media many of the factors in advertising remain unattended and hap-hazard. For these reasons media tries to publish a story in order to sell well. This lack of media business models only make the media focus upon

We dont choose a life, we live one. Discuss this statement in the Essay

We dont choose a life, we live one. Discuss this statement in the context of tourism and yourself as a tourist - Essay Example As such, it is important to reveal the reasons which contribute to one choosing certain destinations while discriminating others, which in the context of tourism are understood as the place and space factors. To elaborate on this, the following text will evaluate two popular tourist destinations, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore and using the place-space factors distinguish between which of the two would be more suitable as a tourist destination. One of the crucial determining factors for a whether a destination will attract large numbers of tourists is the environment and natural resources available. These include the landscape and climate of a place. As is the obvious, tourism is all about changing the norms of daily life and escaping from the hustles of everyday. As such, people will prefer to travel to distant away places which have a climate or appearance totally different from theirs. This is to say that if one is accustomed to living in the western chilly countries and they wanted to relax, the most suitable place for them to find their calm or change of atmosphere would be finding warm or sunny destinations. On the other hand, people accustomed to the hot climates would opt for chilly mountainous destinations such as those which have snow-capped mountains or experience snowy weather. The other determining factor which many may consider is the condition of the built environment. The built environment here refers to everything created by the hands of people. Apart from just visiting interesting destinations, tourists require amongst other things the ease of travelling, the comfort of living, security, shopping bases, and entertainment areas to mention but a few. In fact, these facilities can themselves become tourist attractions when they offer mega supplies of rare items and services. The best example is the festivals of visual and performing arts hosted by mostly the Asian

The History Of Listeria Biology Essay

The History Of Listeria Biology Essay Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, Yersinosis and many other infectious diseases were named after the one who discovered them unlike Listeriosis. Once the causative agent was discovered by Murray, Webb and Swann, generic names such as bacterium monocytogenes was used and finally Listeria (Pirie) to honor Dr. Lister, the discoverer of antisepsis. Hence, in the past the disease was known as Listeriosis until, Listeria came into the general usage. Listeria was first known to be the causative agent of epidemic and sporadic cases in 50 species of animals, now the disease has been appearing on an increasing rate in the population of mankind. In 1926, Murray, Webb identified Listeria Monocytogenes and the bacterium was named by Swann. The bacterium was then renamed by Pirie in 1927 and was given its current name, Listeria Monocytogenes. In 1891, doctors in France and Germany discovered a gram positive bacterium in samples of tissues of patients who suffered and died from a disease similar to Listeriosis. In 1929, Nyfeldt described the first confirmed report of Listeriosis in humans caused by Listeria Monocytogenes. Listeria was first known to be the cause of epidemic and sporadic cases in 50 species of animals. Characterization of Listeria Monocytogenes. Listeria Monocytogenes is a small highly motile gram positive rod. It is a non spore-forming cocco-bacillus, facultative anaerobe which is catalase positive. These ubiquitous saprophytes are widespread in nature that is they can be found in soil and water. Vegetables can get contaminated if the soil, manure or the water used is contaminated. The bacterium can also be carried away by both wild and domestic animals that may apparently appear healthy. The bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen. It is capable of surviving and multiplying outside animal hosts and in quite simple nutrient medium. (Chapman and Hall, 1996.). It grows under refrigeration conditions from 1 °C up to 44 °C. However, its growth rate decreases below 1C and it is easily destroyed by heat. Normally pasteurization and cooking kill Listeria, but in certain ready-to-eat food, it can be found. This is due to contamination which occurs prior to packaging. Serology: Listeria Monocytogenes can be further characterized based on the presence of specific heat stable somatic (0) and heat-labile flagella (H) antigens. Based on the O and H antigens, strains of Listeria Monocytogenes, isolated from pathological sources are subdivided into serotypes: 1/2a,1/2 b, 1/2c, 3a,3b,3c,4a,4ab,4b,4c,4d,4e,4f,5 and 6. Serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b are responsible for greater than 95% of all human infections (Frances Pouch Downee, Keith Ito, 2001). Factors affecting growth and survival of Listeria Monocytogenes. Listeria Monocytogenes is a psychotropic bacterium that is it has the ability to resist the cold temperature of refrigeration. However, Listeria Monocytogenes is also thermo tolerant when subjected to temperatures above the optimum. The broad pH range for growth for Listeria Monocytogenes allows it to survive. pH 7.0 7.5 is the optimum pH for the growth of Listeria Monocytogenes (Dean, 1990). The bacteria can resist a high concentration of salt that is an environment with a low water potential. It has been shown that the organism can tolerate environments of 25.6 % Nacl for at least 132 days at 22 °C and 5 days at 37 °C (Adams; 2001; Lovette, 1989). Moreover the presence of other microorganisms in the same medium (on the same contaminated food) can cause a decrease in the population of Listeria Monoctyogenes. Listeriosis: Also known as the Circling Disease or Silage sickness, Listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection caused by Listeria Monocytogenes. It is a worldwide disease and a serious food borne disease for humans. The term Listeriosis encompasses a wide variety of disease symptoms that are similar on animals and humans. Persons of advanced age, pregnant women, new born and adults with infected immune systems are normally prone to attract this disease. A normal person without those criteria mentioned above can also be affected. He can be infected by consuming contaminated food. Babies may get infected at birth itself if their mother had consumed contaminated food during pregnancy. According to the world health organization (WHO), outbreaks of Listeriosis have been reported from many countries, including Australia, S Switzerland, France and the United states. Two recent outbreaks of Listeria Monocytogenes in France in 2000 and in the USA in 199 caused by contaminated pork tongue and hot dogs. CASES IN MAURITIUS MISSING!!!!!!!!!! Health risk of listeria: Hayes (1992) considered Listeria Monocytogenes as a low grade pathogen since there is no clinical manifestation in healthy individuals upon ingestion of low numbers of viable cells. According to the center for food security and public health 1-10 % of the population is thought to carry Listeria Monocytogenes asymptomatically in the intestines (May, 2005). Vomiting, Nausea, Cramps, Diarrhea, severe headache, constipation ad persistent fever are the symptoms that may occur suddenly. Meningitis encephalitis is the infection of the brain and its surrounding tissue. Septicemia is the poisoning of blood caused by listeria. The overall mortality rate in the group of susceptible people mention in sectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Are 20 -30%. Listeria Monocytogenes can be identified in tissues using ELISA, PCR and other molecular techniques. It is treated with antibiotics depending on the form of the disease. Mode of invasion and spread of Listeria in host cells: Listeria Monocytogenes is acquires by ingestion. The bacterium must find and adhere to the intestinal mucosa or the intestinal crypt cells, which are the only undifferentiated mucosal cells. Once the bacterium is phagocytosed, it becomes enclosed in a phagolysosome, a sub cellular organelle. Normally the low pH and the contents of the phagosomes are toxic to microorganism, however, environment of low pH causes Listeria Monocytogenes to produce hemolysin, Listeriolysin O (LLO).LLO lyses the cell membrane of the phagolysosome and this causes release of the Listeria into the cytoplasm. According to F.S Southwick and D.L Purich all pathogenic strains of Listeria produce Listeriolysin-O which is important for their escape and pathogenesis. Once in the cytoplasm, the bacteria multiply and proliferate and the bacteria become surrounded by an electron-dense material. The bacteria are then known to be polarized at one end. The electron-dense material give the bacterium an elongated protrusions form and filopods which are in turns ingested by adjacent cells and the cycle begins anew. Spreading from cell to cell without directly being in contact with the extracellular environment is how Listeria Monocytogenes invade the cells of its hosts. Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes: Since there has been increasing interest in the presence or absence of Listeria Monocytogenes in foods, as a result of some substantial outbreaks of food borne listeriosis in North America and Europe, there has been a vital need to develop methods to isolate it in various type of food. Several methods such as ELISA, PCR and genetic hybridization technologies (Entis and Lerner, 1991, RMR Labs, 2000, certification, Report, 2000; Klein and Juneja, 2001) have been developed. Department of agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are the two US agencies that made use of different protocol for analysis of Listeria Monocytogenes. The techniques for isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes involve two- stage enrichment, the pre-enrichment followed by enrichment and plating for isolation. The enrichment procedures helps to keep the level of contaminating microorganisms to a reasonable numbers and allow multiplication of Listeria Monocytogenes to levels that are enough for detection of the organism. Half Fraser Broth and the University of Vermont broth (UVM) are examples of broths for the pre-enrichment procedures. They allow revival of injured Listeria cells. The Fraser broth is used with a selective Fraser broth supplement in enriching for the enrichment steps after the pre-enrichment and for detecting Listeria. Both the Fraser and Half Fraser Broth contain sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate which are buffering agents. The presence of ferric ions acts as an indicator since the bacteria produces 6, 7- dihydroxycoumarin that reacts with the ferric ions thus resulting in the blackening of the medium. Lithium chloride, nalidixic acid and acriflavine give the broth a higher concentration of salt and inhibit growth of enterococci. However, it is only after 48 hours that there is blackening of the broth. For plating, PALCAM, Oxford and Modified Oxford (MOX) are used as selective agars for isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes. Lithium chloride, polymyxin B sulphate and acriflavine HCl, present in the PALCAM medium Base and ceftazidine found in the PALCAM supplement ensure the selectivity of the medium. These elements suppress other bacteria present in food except Listeria. For differentiation, the PALCAM medium provides esculin and mannitol. Hydrolysis of esculin by Listeria causes production of 6, 7, dihydroxycoumarin, which reacts with the ferric ions that are present in the PLACAM medium to form blacken halos. USDA method: The USDA method involve a two- stage enrichment procedure with a 24-48 hours primary enrichment with UVM medium followed by a second enrichment phase with Fraser broth. Black colonies on the MOX plates show the presence of Listeria Monocytogenes. FDA method: This method involves 48 hour enrichment at 30 °C in buffered Listeria Enrichment Broth (BLEB). Pre enrichment procedure is optional which is done 4 hours at 30 °C prior to the addition of the selective supplements. After 24 hours to 48 hours the culture is streaked onto Oxford, PALCAM, Lithium chloride-phenyl ethanol moxalactant (LPM). After 24-48 hours at 30 °C, black-halo colonies prove the presence of Listeria. ISO method: The ISO method and the USDA method are alike with only the difference of using Half Fraser Broth for enrichment in the ISO method. The enrichment is done using Fraser Broth. On PALCAM or Oxford agar, the Listeria colonies are gray green with the black halo and black respectively.

Fighting Rising College Tuition Costs Essay -- Education Policy

Declining state support, educational race for top rankings, uneven financial aid, or economy downfall: there are reasons all across the board as to why the cost of college tuition is getting out of hand. Envision a senior girl whose heart had been set on her dream college for years. An elite, honorable college where everyone seems to want to go. She has been telling her parents from an early age she was going to one day be a member. While on a visit to the college in late fall of her senior year, she fell in love with the beautiful campus which seemed to spread for miles. The advisers and professors she met with were polite and unquestionably convincing. Her favorite part of the visit was seeing how happy all of the current students seemed to look with their college decision. Overall, she believed she had found her home for the next four years. She went home excited to tell her parents the good news. This is where the excitement soon ended. 35,000 dollars a year was the out rageous sticker price for her dream college. Her parents said there was no way possible they could ever afford to send her. Tears started flooding down her face; her dreams were crushed. Now what was she going to do? Where was she going to go? Although this story has been made up, similar situations like these are arising more and more often. College tuition has reached an all time high; with the economy in its current standings, there needs to be solutions so every young adult has an equal opportunity to go to college. No one disputes the importance of a college education in today’s job market. Society has taken on a much higher demand for the well educated. With this being a growing trend, why does it seem colleges are trying to make gettin... ...ons need to be fulfilled if results are to be seen in the pocketbooks of every young adult looking for an equal opportunity to go to college. Works Cited â€Å"Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Making College Affordable For Everyone.† Web. 6 Dec. 2010. Berman, Talia. â€Å"Student Debt Crisis: Are There Any Solutions?† WireTap. 23 Aug. 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2010. Block, Sandra. â€Å"Rising costs make climb to higher education steeper.† USA TODAY. 12 Jan. 2007. Web. 6 Dec. 2010. Dickeson, Robert. â€Å"COLLISION COURSE: Rising college costs threaten America’s future and require shared solutions.† Lumina Foundation for Education. 2004. Web. 6 Dec. 2010. Ehrenberg, Ronald. â€Å"Tuition Rising: Why College Costs so Much.† Cornell University. Web. 6 Dec. 2010. â€Å"Rising College Costs.† Web. 6 Dec. 2010. â€Å"What is a 529?† Web. 6 Dec. 2010. â€Å"What It Costs to Go to College.† Web. 6 Dec. 2010.

Health Care Spending Essay

â€Å"Historically, U.S. health care spending has grown at rates exceeding the economy’s growth rate, often by at least 2 percentage points per year† (Holahan & McMorrow, 2012, 393). Recently, it seems that the rate of health care spending has slowed down a little, though no reasons can be pinpointed as to why this is. There are many factors that affect the growth of health care spending, and plenty of solutions have been proposed to help improve this issue. Factors such as advancements in medical technology and an increase in the price of prescription drugs cause health care costs to rise year after year. Solutions have been presented and implemented, like Medicare and Medicaid and managed care plans, however, even these components have added to the health care spending issue. With all the discussion and debate, one thing can be agreed upon, something needs to be done. In recent years both public and private payers have experienced an inclement rise health care spending that has exceeded income growth. This growth started right after the end of World War II and has continue to increase every ten years, health care spending has exceeded the gross domestic products (GDP) which had a projection of 26% by 2035 taken for health care spending, prior the health care reform was passed. This number is only going to continue increasing, which bring in the importance of control the spending since the nation’s long-term fiscal balance will be determined by the future rate growth in health care cost. According to Chernew (2010) the primary determinant of spending growth is the development and diffusion of new medical technology. However this does not imply the establishment of new technology rather focuses on how to use it with technologies and systems already in use, in other words make it compatible to work together. The diversity of technologies contributing to spending growth generates a diversity of pathways by which technology increases spending. These includes high unit cost driven capital cost or the need for specialized labor, high volume, or cost related to complementary services. Because the past rate of health care spending growth is not sustainable, both private and public payers will take action to lower spending. Those actions may not necessary alter the forces that historically have driven up spending, but they will be designed to address the immediate problem of high sending. There are many options from cost sharing from patients, reductions in payments to Medicare Advantage, fee reductions under the new payment rules implemented with Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. On the article there is a suggestion that I find interesting about Global payments, which is an alternate form of bundled payments which is a program use to pay a fixed fee for a set of services related to a specific episode of care. This might be a good solution for the situation we are facing now, because it would give providers the opportunity to profit with reduced revenue, and even share some of the savings form not using health care services. Yet in order for bundled payments system to be successful the need of having the proper tools to improve the efficiency of care. Many providers will be able to develop these tools, but it would require partnership between facilities, physicians, and insurers. For the system to be successful it would have to carefully manage practice pattern changes due to new technology, adjusting aggressiveness based on the generosity of bundled payments updates. If bundled payments encourage efficiencies, they may reduce the level of spending more than spending growth, and that is exactly the area we as country need to be working on. According to President Obama, â€Å"We do not have a spending problem; we have a health care problem†. This statement was alarming to many Americans. The President feels that healthcare spending on the aging population is the number one fiscal problem. Then why is the solution taking so long? With Obamacare, Medicare will see cuts up to $716 billion. Where will this leave the Americans who receive Medicare? How can they still receive health care with this much of a cut? Will Providers be willing to provide the same high level of care with the high cut to their expected fees? There is no way of knowing if this will even solve the health care spending problem or if it will create even larger problems for Americans. Budget cuts will be needed in other areas to make these cuts to health care spending improve the financial state of our country (Galupo, 2013). According to New Republic’s Jonathan Cohn, the new health care reform addresses the cost of health care rather than health care spending. He argues the proposed spending cuts will address the health care spending problem along with other budget cuts. Obamacare may not be a good solution to the current health care spending problem in America. Many suggest that the new law’s affect on provider reimbursement rates will have a huge impact on access to care for many seniors. This can greatly affect the health of our aging population. Spending cuts projected for Medicare and Medicaid will help that aspect of health care spending but with the added subsidies for people to purchase private health insurance, the savings just do not add up. When it comes to health care spending there is much controversy on what increases health care cost, what measures we can take to keep health care cost down, and what actions we can take to make health care affordable without limiting health care. According to kaiserEDU.org the chart provided below shows how costing allocates throughout the nation. â€Å"Hospital care and physician services combined added up for half (51%) of the nation’s health expenditures.† Below is a diagram from the year 2010 of the nation’s health expenditures. National Health Expenditures, 2010 Totaling up = $2.3 Trillion Some major growth health care costs include a rise in chronic disease, administrative cost, or technology or prescription cost, although there may be many more expenditure that adds up to the growth in health care cost these three have been discussed to have the biggest effect on the nation. As technology continues to advance over the years to come, we may face more health care struggles, so being prepared for the unexpected leads to a healthy future. Health care spending continues to be a concern for most Americans. â€Å"The nation’s efforts to control health care costs have not had much long-term effect, prompting a debate over what proposals are actually able to reduce for the long-term. Approaches are largely divided by debate over a stronger role for government regulation or market-based models that encourage greater competition† (kaiseredu.org). Plans such as Obamacare are being implemented, but these plans are not solving the problem. Political debates and public discussions will continue as people try to figure out what factors are responsible for this problem and what solutions are truly aimed at achieving optimal health care at affordable costs. References Chernew, M. (2010). Health Care Spending Growth: Can We Avoid Fiscal Armageddon?. Inquiry,47(4), 285-295. Galupo, Scott, 2013, Let’s Split the Difference: We Have a Healthcare Spending Problem, The American Conservative, Retrieved February 14, 2013: http://www.theamericanconservative.com/lets-split-the-difference-we-have-a-healthcare-spending-problem/ Holahan, J. & McMorrow, S. (2012). Medicare and Medicaid spending trends and the deficit debate. The New England Journal of Medicine, 367(5), 393- 395. Senger, Alyenne, 3013, No, Obamacare Does Not Lower Health Care Spending , The Founder, Retrieved February 16, 2013: http://blog.heritage.org/2013/02/12/no-obamacare-does-not-lower-health-carespending/ The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (n.d.). U.S. Health Care Costs. Retrieved from http://www.kaiseredu.org.

Informative Essay Sample on George Orwell

Informative Essay Sample on George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair, now more commonly known as George Orwell was born in India in 1903, and his father was an official in the Indian Civil Service. Throughout Orwells childhood he felt a deep sense of isolation, a factor to later influence his writing. In 1911 he was sent to a boarding school on the Sussex coast where he was distinguished by his poverty and intellectual brilliance. He grew up a morose, eccentric boy and in 1953, wrote of his miseries in an autobiographical essay, Such, Such Were The Joys. Orwell won scholarships to Winchester and Eton. He chose Eton and stayed from 1917 to 1921, and during this time published his first writing in college periodicals. Despite being offered a scholarship to University, Orwell became an Imperial servant at Burma in 1922, serving in a number of countries. Yet he had a desire to become a writer, and when he realized how much the Burmese were ruled by the British against their will, he felt increasingly ashamed of his role. He later recalled his experiences and reactions to Imperial rule in his novel, Burmese Days and in two autobiographical sketches, Shooting an Elephant and A Hanging. In 1927, Orwell retired his post and left Burma, choosing to live among the poor, outcast people of Europe. He resided for some time within the slums of England and France. These experiences were conveyed in, Down and Out in London and Paris where he voiced his concerns for those worst off in society. Orwells politics as a socialist writer became progressively more anti-Communist and also patriotic. After his failing to enlist in World War II, due to grounds of ill health, Orwell joined the Home Guard and increased his journalistic output. He became the literary editor of the Tribune and as did Swift, contributed articles to many papers. Orwell had a family life, and after the death of his first wife in 1945, married Sonia Brownwell and moved to a Scottish Hebridean island also with his sister and adopted son. However, in 1950 his health had gradually declined and Orwell died of tuberculosis a few days before hoping to visit Switzerland to improve his health. Orwells first popular success Animal Farm was published in 1945. It conveys political tyranny and its effects on a society. As the title suggests the novel is set on a farm, detailing the farm animals struggle with the farms manager to achieve an equitable, sharing and harmonious community. Orwells motivation lay within his life experiences and influences, as did Swifts. The two novelists had each experienced different forms of power and regime, yet both were able to express and convey the flaws of these authorities in different styles. Today, Swifts novel would be unbelievable in the context that he wrote it. However, by using this approach, he managed to avoid political retribution. Orwell in comparison, expressed his views, but in an unbelievable style to add interest and amusement. I write it because there is some lie I want to expose, some fact to which I want to draw attention, and my initial concern is to get a hearing. But I could not do the work of writing a book, or even a long magazine article, if it were not also an aesthetic experience. As with Gullivers Travels, Animal Farm can be read on different levels. It is subtitled a fairy story, drawing the readers attention to the artificial aspects, yet we know it is not a fairy story as there is no happy ending. The reader, by being drawn in has to look closer, exploring and interpreting the true intentions of Orwells writing. Orwell uses animals to make serious moral points. Another example of this is Aesops Fables where the characters do not behave naturally or realistically but are symbolic of certain human attitudes and ideas. Although Orwell satirizes dictatorship and individuals abuse of power in general, there are many points the novel makes that correspond with the Soviet Union and events following the fall of the Tsar in 1917. A few examples of this include: many of Marxs ideas lying within Majors speech, the failed attempts to create an equal society, the disagreements between Stalin and Trotsky that correspond with the animals Napoleon and Snowball, and the increase of Stalins, and therefore Napoleons power, in the use of terror and propaganda in becoming a dictator. Swift satirizes human nature in general, but of individuals putting him and his friends down rather than the society around him, perhaps creating more of a personal retribution in his writing. Orwell struggled throughout the majority of his life and received conflict at the hands of power, whereas Swift generally had a more comfortable upbringing receiving hardships at the beginning, yet with personal disagreements throughout. Orwell and Swift both satirize the abuse of power and suggest the moral of human nature, that Utopias are not possible due to the flaws that will always be found and created by individuals. Orwell once said, Totalitarianism has abolished freedom of thought to an extent unheard of in any previous age. He believed this idea was achieved by forbidding freedom of thought or action but also by telling the people exactly what to think. This is demonstrated in Animal Farm right from the start where Majors statement, whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy has been condensed to four legs good two legs bad in order that the unintelligent sheep could understand the principals of Animalism. This simplification caused its loss of meaning, and later has appalling implications, when used to drown out or prevent uproar and revolt. This parodies the less intelligent masses of the Soviet Union and the disregard of attention to these peoples understandings of events. There are indications that the proposed utopia will never materialise. The animals society is not an equal one as three pigs are seen immediately taking the best positions in the barn. Some animals are protective to others, whilst others seem intent on fighting amongst themselves. The irony of the first chapter is clear in that it establishes through Majors speech an idealistic vision of the future in contrast of the suffering under Jones. The eventual progress of Animal Farm shows that as the pigs distort Majors ideas, they alter and corrupt the principles of Animalism The element of realism is introduced by the first actions of the dogs, directly after Majors speech where they attack the rats. This openly contradicts what Major has just stated. The rats represent the majority of the rural peasants whom the revolutionaries tried to shape to their views. Orwell suggests here that human behaviour is essentially selfish and ruthless. Swift made the same point when Gulliver discovered how the court were planning to blind and starve him slowly to death. In Animal Farm the equality Major emphasized so much is jeopardised by the pigs greater intelligence, with their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume leadership. By becoming the farms administrators, the pigs avoided physical work. Orwell suggests here that there is not equality, labour not being equivalent to brainwork. Napoleons rise to power begins from his nature, a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way. This description implies power through aggression, which is exactly what happens. When Napoleons dictatorship is threatened by Snowball from the animals preference to his idea of the windmill, he is chased out of the farm by the nine dogs. Napoleon, who generally represents Stalin, saw Snowball, representing Trotskys strategies, and his attempts to educate the other animals, as a threat. He understood that if he kept the animals unintelligent, they would be easier to control for his own benefit, rather than the farms. It is clear these are his intentions from the start, privately rearing the nine puppies. The nine dogs represent the secret police that silenced, many by death, any rebellious individuals. Their presence in the novel adds a sense of fear and darkness that symbolises corruption, while their actual contribution, is by fighting in the battle of the windmill, and even this is beneficial to Napoleons leadership. Boxer, the hardest working animal on the farm, who is universally respected represents the lower class, hard working society of Russia, without him the farm would not succeed. His two maxims, I will work harder and Napoleon is always right are both results of his experiences at the hands of dictatorship and limits his thought. There is again no thought given to his feelings or emotions, and even his retirement is exploited to the advantage of the pigs. The pigs use of language makes the suffering of the animals sound acceptable. This is the use of propaganda. Squealers use of this is crucial to Napoleons success in convincing the animals of Napoleons fitness of power and validity for the apparent sacrifices made. Many words and even whole speeches are not fully understood by the animals, and they are not questioned, due to the convincing act Squealer puts on. The threat of the nine dogs, their own vain hope that things are okay, and that their faith in their leaders, prevents them seeing themselves being systematically betrayed. Propaganda was used throughout the Russian revolution and this is the point Orwell is making, that the shameless use of it has conflicting effects. Humour is used in both novels to similar effect. In Gullivers Travels, toilet humour is used throughout, to ease myself with making water; which I very plentifully did. This is rare in any writing but Swift continually refers to it, which is quite shocking to the reader. Swift describes his actions with the same tone and format that he uses throughout the story, thereby creating the ironic humour. Orwell similarly applies humour but with greater subtlety, with some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance on a ladder) Snowball climbed up. Here the reader can imagine the event Orwell has described, which creates the humour. The idea of including humour teaches the reader to study other ideas, specifically the satirical aspect. Both Orwell and Swift wrote about politics. The treatment they received at the hands of those in power influenced their writing. As Orwell once said, Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic Socialism. Orwell suggested that language had to try, as far as possible to reflect the truth of an issue. In his writing style, thoughtless language and complex writing was avoided, and straightforward wording used. This technique was used in the hope of not misleading the reader and helped make the message as clear as possible. There is the satirical parody here of the contrast of how political writing is often distorted and purposely relays false meanings. Swift was not able to do this with the same impact. This was probably due to the fact, that by making his point too obvious, he would endanger himself from the people he was satirising, this creates a sense of irony. The main point that both these novels compare on is the great irony in the general outline of each story. Gullivers Travels tell us of the supposedly successful, civilised people of Lilliput. Gulliver exposed them as corrupt, disloyal and animal-likes individuals. Animal Farm however, tells us of these apparent, well-meaning and thoughtful animals that are exposed as having careless, slovenly and corrupt human characteristics. Despite several hundred years separating the two authors, there are many similarities and contrasts between Gullivers Travels and Animal Farm. The novels were both very successful and were appreciated by a wide audience. On a personal level I found, Gullivers Travels and Animal Farm equally appealing. I was surprised to find how subtle techniques, use of language and the general style, left me to interpret the writers intentions. Both novels are exceptional and have inspired me to find and explore similar styles of work. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on George Orwell at our professional essay writing service which provides high school, college and university students with high-quality custom written papers at an affordable cost. 100% No plagiarism and on-time delivery guarantee! Any topics. Any deadline. Get professional essay help provided by highly qualified academic writers.

Free Essays on Battle of Bunker Hill

One of the most important battles of the American Revolution was the Battle of Bunker Hill. This battle was one of the earlier battles of the war. The battle was fought in Charlestown, Massachusetts on June 16, 1775. Two locations were critical to the americans during this war. These locations were Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill. Bunker Hill is the highest of the two hills, it is also the location where the americans retreated to. Breed’s Hill is where the where the main portion of the battle was fought. The British commanders were General Thomas Gage and General Sir William Howe. The American commanders were Colonel William Prescott, General Israel Putnam and Joseph Warren. These three commanders were fairly skilled in combat, while the British commanders were highly skilled in combat. After receiving a message that the British were going to secure the two hills on the peninsula across from Boston which at the time was separated from the peninsula by Boston Harbor the Americans decided to invade that area, and they did. They were also starting to build a fort on it, because at that position they could lob cannon shells into Boston easily, and then the Americans could take over Boston, which at the time was a British stronghold. The colonists also wanted to get revenge on the British for shooting then in their backs when they were retreating at Lexington. A spy brought news to the Americans that the British General Gage ordered about seven-thousand men to take out the twenty-thousand man American makeshift army at Bunker Hill. Gage did this because he was furious that the colonists were building a fort right across from Boston. "Dig, and dig hard," was one of many famous phrases said by Colonel Prescott to the Americans while they were digging trenches and wa! iting on the British to attack. British warships started bombing the hillside with cannonballs at dawn. This attack did little damage to the Americans. The British ... Free Essays on Battle of Bunker Hill Free Essays on Battle of Bunker Hill One of the most important battles of the American Revolution was the Battle of Bunker Hill. This battle was one of the earlier battles of the war. The battle was fought in Charlestown, Massachusetts on June 16, 1775. Two locations were critical to the americans during this war. These locations were Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill. Bunker Hill is the highest of the two hills, it is also the location where the americans retreated to. Breed’s Hill is where the where the main portion of the battle was fought. The British commanders were General Thomas Gage and General Sir William Howe. The American commanders were Colonel William Prescott, General Israel Putnam and Joseph Warren. These three commanders were fairly skilled in combat, while the British commanders were highly skilled in combat. After receiving a message that the British were going to secure the two hills on the peninsula across from Boston which at the time was separated from the peninsula by Boston Harbor the Americans decided to invade that area, and they did. They were also starting to build a fort on it, because at that position they could lob cannon shells into Boston easily, and then the Americans could take over Boston, which at the time was a British stronghold. The colonists also wanted to get revenge on the British for shooting then in their backs when they were retreating at Lexington. A spy brought news to the Americans that the British General Gage ordered about seven-thousand men to take out the twenty-thousand man American makeshift army at Bunker Hill. Gage did this because he was furious that the colonists were building a fort right across from Boston. "Dig, and dig hard," was one of many famous phrases said by Colonel Prescott to the Americans while they were digging trenches and wa! iting on the British to attack. British warships started bombing the hillside with cannonballs at dawn. This attack did little damage to the Americans. The British ...

2 Questions about The Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 Questions about The Road - Essay Example The sun is permanently hidden behind the clouds, as are the moon and stars. Everything, everywhere has been burned, turning the world into black and grey underneath a ‘sullen’ light that casts only feeble shadows at its peak. There are no animals, no plants and very few people. What life does survive is scarce and desperate, willing to commit atrocities upon one another for the simple necessity of food or clean water. â€Å"The world shrinking down about a raw core of parsible entities. The names of things slowly following those things into oblivion. Colors. The names of birds. Things to eat. Finally the names of things one believed to be true. More fragile than he would have thought† (McCarthy 75). The bond between the father and son is thus predicated on surviving in this very harsh environment where all they have is each other and the knowledge still stored in the father’s mind from the time before the disaster. The man is forced to adapt to an entirely foreign world despite all his conceptions of a better place while his son is enlightened by his father’s confusion. The man’s reluctance to accept the reality before him forces him to feel pity for the young son. This is obvious in the touching scene when he finds the can of Coke. â€Å"[H]e put his thumbnail under the aluminum clip on the top of the can and opened it. He leaned his nose to the slight fizz coming from the can and then handed it to the boy. †¦ You drink it †¦ It’s because I won’t ever get to drink another one, isn’t it?† (McCarthy 20). As the man comes to realize, the world he remembers will never be anything more than a fantasy world to his son, a place of unrealizable possibilities for which the son must ultimately pity the father for having lost. Although the man and the boy consider themselves the good guys, defenders of the old knowledge and the bonds of enlightenment, there are also